India administers a billion Covid jabs

India administered its billionth Covid-19 vaccine dose on Thursday, half a year after a devastating surge in cases brought the health system close to collapse.

According to the government, around three-quarters of adults in the country of 1.3 billion people have had one shot and around 30 per cent are fully vaccinated.

However, hundreds of millions of Indians under 18 -- who make up some 40 per cent of the population -- have not had a single shot.

India suffered a huge spike in cases in April and May, reporting more than 400,000 infections and 4,000 deaths per day, with many hospitals unable to cope and crematoriums overwhelmed.

Cases have since fallen sharply, with fewer than 20,000 infections per day, and most activity has returned to normal.

Mumbai, one of India's myriad teeming cities, recently reported zero deaths in a day for the first time since the pandemic began.

The government was reportedly set to celebrate the milestone with Prime Minister Narendra Modi thanking health workers, special announcements at railway stations and airports and monuments lit up in the national colours.

Health Minister Mansukh Mandaviya tweeted: "Congratulations India! This is the result of the visionary PM Modi's able leadership."Only adults

Only China has administered more doses -- the Chinese government says it has given more than 2.3 billion shots.

India began vaccinations in January and after a slow start, it is now administering around eight million jabs per day.

"During the first wave, I remember hearing people talking about whether coronavirus was real or not," said Reham Ali, a 49-year-old taxi driver in New Delhi who said he has had one shot.

"Now, people know that it is and there is less hesitancy. The second wave was an eye-opener."

Exports of vaccines -- halted earlier this year -- have tentatively resumed, with officials saying the "pharmacy of the world" will be back in full swing again in 2022.

Most restrictions on activity have been lifted, with crowds celebrating India's main religious festival season -- an important time for the battered economy -- for the first time in two years.

This has sparked concerns about a new wave of infections and a renewed push by the government to push people to get their second shots.

Media reports last week said an expert panel of India's drug regulator recommended the use of the homegrown Covaxin -- one of seven Covid-19 vaccines approved in India -- for under-18s.

"I think it is unlikely that we will see a third wave that in any way resembles the second wave," said Dr Gangandeep Kang, from the Christian Medical College, Vellore.

"The only situation where that can happen is if we have a completely new virus variant. Then it'll be a new pandemic," she told AFP.

Officially, India has reported just over 34 million infections and around 452,000 deaths since the start of the pandemic, although this is widely seen as a major underestimate.